Business Tax

When you have employees who live in one state and work in another, things can get a bit tricky. Click through to learn the basic rule — you generally pay taxes in the state where your team works, but it can get complicated.

Do you have employees who live in one state and work in another? You may run into this if:

• Your company is located near a state border.
• You have employees who travel to job sites in other states.
• You have employees who work remotely.
• You are expanding into new states.

Having some basic understanding of what happens will help you make the right decisions about classifying wages and avoiding penalties or amended filings later. Both state unemployment and withholding taxes should generally be paid to the employee’s work state, but there are exceptions; the twist is that state laws are quite literally all over the map. You may want to be familiar with the state legislation that applies to your team. Here are the basics.

Reciprocity agreements

Some states that border each other have entered into agreements related to allowing employees who live in one state but work in another, to have their withholding tax paid to the work state.For example, an employee who lives in Maryland but commutes to northern Virginia or D.C. for a job can have withholding tax paid to Maryland rather than the work state. This is also known as courtesy withholding, and it means the employee can file one tax return each year, which helps simplify things. Have your employee complete a nonresidency certificate to excuse him/her from tax withholding in the work state. Let your payroll provider know that your employee has an agreement in place.

If there’s no reciprocal agreement, your employee will most likely have to pay both nonresident and resident state income tax. But luckily, most states grant a tax credit to cover the cost of being taxed twice.

Each state may have its own twist on taxation, so it’s best to check the local situation and not make any assumptions.

The unemployment tax situation is usually straightforward. When an employee is working in multiple states or working remotely for a company based in another state, you withhold state unemployment tax only in the state in which the employee is working.

When it gets complicated

Today’s remote-work world means situations that were rare or unheard of a generation ago are now commonplace. That means more tax complexity.

For example, consider an employee who works from his log cabin in upstate New York, but your company is located in Atlanta — you’ll have to pay all state taxes to New York because that’s where the work is actually being completed.

Or at that same Atlanta company, you have an employee who needs to work in Maine temporarily for three months. For nine months, you pay taxes in Georgia, and for three months, you pay taxes in the Pine Tree State.

Most of this information is general. It can get complicated, and there are exceptions and special circumstances. Be sure to let us know if you have a cross-border workforce, and we’ll help you organize your tax system accordingly.

Call us at 703-971-2422 today to discuss how we can help you manage your tax obligations and reduce your tax burden or request a free consultation and we’ll contact you right away.

Depreciation is a deduction from income tax that lets you recover the cost of property. Click through to see how the IRS allows for the wear and tear, deterioration or even obsolescence of items.

Depreciation of tangible property — buildings, machinery, vehicles, furniture and equipment, even cell phones — as well as intangible property, such as patents, copyrights and computer software, in some situations, is allowed by the IRS and can be used to offset income from your business. Does your property meet these requirements?

• You own the property.
• Or you lease the property and make capital improvements.
• You use the property in business and for personal purposes. (In this case, you can only deduct depreciation for business use of the property.)
• The property must have a determinable useful life of more than one year.

However, not everything can be depreciated. For example, land is off the table: It doesn’t get used up and is not subject to wear and tear. Inventory is not depreciated either.

You depreciate an asset over time. When you place property in service to use in your business or trade or to produce income, that’s when depreciation begins. However, property stops being depreciable when you’ve fully recovered the property’s cost or other basis or when you retire it from service — whichever happens first.

There are different schedules for different items: For computers, office equipment, cars, trucks and appliances, the recovery time is up to five years; office furniture and fixtures work on a seven-year schedule. Residential rental properties can be recovered over 27.5 years, while commercial buildings and nonresidential properties can be recovered over 39 years, depending on the year you acquired them.

You need to know the initial cost of the asset and how long you can depreciate it for. There are three depreciation methods summarized below. Particular situations will dictate which ones are most appropriate for you.

• Straight line — depreciate the property an equal amount each year over its useful life.
• Accelerated method — take larger depreciation deductions in the first few years of the property’s useful life and smaller deductions later on.
• Section 179 deduction — deduct the entire cost of the asset the year it’s acquired.

And to ensure that you properly depreciate property, you need to consider:

• The depreciation method for the property.
• The class life of the asset.
• Whether the property is Listed Property (as defined by the IRS)
• Whether you’ve elected to expense any portion of the asset.
• Whether you qualify for any bonus first-year depreciation.
• The depreciable basis of the property.

Use depreciation to decrease your tax burden — you are lowering your overall taxable income. Depreciation doesn’t affect your company’s cash flow or its actual cash balance — it’s a noncash expense. However, before making any decisions, keep in mind that this is just an introduction to a very complex topic, and the provisions and methods described here are not applicable in every situation. Give us a call to discuss them further.

Call us at 703-971-2422 today to discuss how we can help you manage your tax obligations and reduce your tax burden or request a free consultation and we’ll contact you right away.

Do you have a client or customer who won’t pay? Even when all attempts to collect a bad debt have failed, the IRS may give you a break at filing time. Click through to see how to take that bad debt off your taxes.

When can you use bad debt to reduce business income? Even when you take the customer to court and you still don’t get your money, there’s a way to make lemonade from this lemon of a customer.

If your business has already shown this amount as income for tax purposes, you may be able to reduce your business income by the amount of the bad debt. Look at bad debt as an uncollectible account—a receivable owed by a customer, client or patient that you are not able to collect.

Bad debt may be written off at the end of the year if it is determined that the debt is in fact uncollectible.

According to the IRS, bad debt includes:

• Loans to clients and suppliers.
• Credit sales to customers.
• Business loan guarantees.

How do you write off bad debt?

Your business uses the accrual accounting method, showing income when you have billed it, not when you collect it.

If your business operates on a cash accounting basis, you can’t deduct bad debt because you don’t record income until you’ve received the payment. If you don’t get the money, there’s no tax benefit to recording bad debt. You only record the sale when you receive the money from the customer.

Under accrual accounting, manually take the bad debt out of your sales records before you prepare your business tax return.

You must wait until the end of the year, just in case someone pays.

• Prepare an accounts receivable aging report, which shows all the money owed to you by all your customers, how much is owed and how long the amount has been outstanding.
• Total all bad debt for the year, listing all customers who have not paid during the year. Only make this determination at the end of the year and only if you’ve made every effort to collect the money owed to your business.
• Include the bad debt total on your business tax return. If you file business taxes on Schedule C, you can deduct the amount of all bad debt. Each type of business tax return has a place to enter bad debt expenses.

It makes sense in any kind of business—no income recorded, no bad debt.

A business bad debt often originates as a result of credit sales to customers for goods sold or services provided. The best documentation is likely to be a detailed record of collection efforts, indicating you made every effort a reasonable person would in order to collect a debt.

Take some solace by claiming a bad business debt deduction on your tax return. Not exactly a guarantee because you need to show that the debt is worthless, but it’s good to know there may be some relief.

Call us at 703-971-2422 today to discuss how we can help you manage your tax obligations and reduce your tax burden or request a free consultation and we’ll contact you right away.

Do you drive your car for business purposes? The costs of operating and maintaining your vehicle are potentially deductible. Here are some guidelines.

Two Methods

The IRS provides two basic methods for computing deductions for the business use of an automobile.

Actual expense method. With the actual expense method, you deduct the actual costs of operation, including licenses, registration fees, garage rent, repairs, gas, oil, tolls, and insurance. Additionally, you may claim depreciation deductions (and/or elect expensing under Section 179). If the car is leased, you deduct your lease payments rather than depreciation. (Certain limits apply.)

Standard mileage rate. Alternatively, you may choose to use an IRS-provided standard mileage rate. With this method, you multiply the number of business miles you drive during the year by the applicable rate (58¢ per mile for 2019). When you use the standard mileage rate, you don’t separately deduct expenses such as gasoline, oil, insurance, repairs and maintenance, depreciation, or lease payments. However, business-related parking fees and tolls are separately deductible.

Which Should You Use?

Generally, you will want to use the method that produces the largest deduction. If your vehicle is costly to own and operate, the actual expense method may be more advantageous. Conversely, if your vehicle is fuel efficient and/or inexpensive, the simpler standard mileage rate method may be a better choice.

With either method, the IRS requires that you keep records that substantiate your business use of the car: the date, place, business purpose, and number of miles you travel. When you use the actual expense method, you’ll also need records substantiating the amount and date of car-related expenditures. You can avoid having to retain receipts by using the standard mileage rate.

If you decide to use the standard mileage rate for a car you own, you may switch to the actual expense method in a later year. However, you won’t be able to claim accelerated depreciation deductions for the car. With a leased car, you have less flexibility. If you choose the standard mileage rate the first year, you must use it for the entire lease period.

Personal and Business Use

If you use your car for both personal and business purposes, you must keep track of your mileage for each purpose. To figure the percentage of qualified business use, you divide the business mileage by the total mileage driven. Then multiply that percentage by your total expenses.

Call us at 703-971-2422 today to discuss how we can help you manage your tax obligations and reduce your tax burden or request a free consultation and we’ll contact you right away.