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5 Common (and Costly) Payroll Errors and How to Avoid Making Them

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Payroll is one of the most important aspects of any business, but it’s one that, when running smoothly, business owners don’t tend to think about; however, when there’s a payroll glitch, it jumps to the forefront of an owner’s mind. Here are several payroll mistakes that can cost you a bundle and how to avoid them in your business.

1. Misclassifying Employees

How you classify employees when you hire them impacts how you and your employees are taxed. If you hire an office staffer to answer phones and file paperwork for an hourly wage, that is a non-exempt employee. Alternatively, if you employ an individual as a salaried Head of Operations, they are exempt. The main difference is that non-exempt employees are eligible to receive overtime pay; exempt employees are not.

There is also a distinction between employee, freelancer, and contractor. An employee receives a regular wage, while freelancers and contractors are typically paid per project. Misclassifying employees may not seem like a big deal at first, but in time, the IRS will find out, and your business will end up paying the taxes due, the associated fines, and of course, the interest on the past-due taxes.

To avoid this issue, understand the classifications and the capacity in which you hire your employees. To classify employees, be sure to use IRS definitions. For example, the IRS defines independent contractors this way: “the general rule is that an individual is an independent contractor if the payer has the right to control or direct only the result of the work and not what will be done and how it will be done.”

2. Miscalculating Pay

There are many payroll aspects to consider, such as overtime, commissions, deductions, paid time off (PTO), and more. When it comes to calculating pay, payroll admins should keep in mind that different policies apply to each state, and that must also be considered. For example, the federal overtime law dictates that overtime wages (pay for hours worked over 40 hours in a workweek) are paid at 1.5 times the employee’s regular hourly rate. However, some states have different policies regarding overtime. For example, in Alaska, California, Colorado, and Nevada, overtime is also based on hours worked in a day. As a general rule, a business should comply with the more generous law for the employee.

In addition to overtime pay miscalculations, poor time tracking capabilities also contribute to miscalculated pay. To avoid an issue miscalculating pay, be sure to know your state’s guidelines on overtime pay. Further, be sure that your company has a reliable tracking system for keeping up with employee hours so that pay, overtime, and other payroll aspects like PTO are correctly recorded and calculated. This process will significantly reduce the chance of payroll overpayment or underpayment mistakes that could become costly payroll corrections.

3. Missing Deadlines

One of the most damaging payroll mistakes for a business is missing payroll tax deadlines. Missed deadlines can cost thousands of dollars in penalties, and in extreme cases, a company’s business license can be suspended.

To avoid this critical error, use the IRS Calendar Connector to help you remember your tax deadlines. However, if you miss a tax deadline, contact the tax agency immediately because late payment penalties pile up quickly. The quicker you get in touch with the IRS, the lesser penalty you will have to pay.

4. Messy Recordkeeping

What is the word a small business owner least likes to hear? There are likely a few, but “audit” has to be right at the top of the list. The anxiety that term induces should be reason enough to keep accurate, complete payroll records that are well-organized. The price you pay for not doing that could be fines, penalties, and a plethora of costly payroll-related tax issues. For example, if you accidentally file W-2 forms late, you will pay between $50 and $260 in fines depending upon how late the W-2s are filed.

The same goes for late-filed 1099 forms or any other tax-related documentation. The fines vary. For example, if you do not provide a contract employee with a 1099 form, that’s a $250 fine.

To avoid this issue, keep accurate, complete, up-to-date payroll records for all employees. Mind your paperwork like W-2 forms, timesheets, 1099 forms, and pay records. Also, be sure to retain employee records for the four-year minimum that the IRS requires after an employee leaves your company. FYI: The SBA recommends retaining payroll records for six years.

5. Missed Tax Forms

An extension of point four above targets the end-of-year task that some payroll admins dread – preparing and sending all the necessary tax forms to all employees, whether they are full-time (W-2), part-time (W-2), or independent contractors (1099). Remember, form 1099 is required to be sent to an independent contractor who earned $600 or more during a tax year.

To avoid this issue, make sure tax rates are in order, payroll is correctly calculated, and all forms are correctly filled out and sent to employees promptly.

Payroll-related tax issues are avoidable. Take time to speak to your trusted tax preparer or CPA today so that you avoid these mistakes and keep your business running as it should.

4 Tips for Saving Money on Real Estate Taxes

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business-consultingIf you’re a real estate investor, saving money on your taxes can be just as crucial to your bottom line as the deals you make daily. While numerous tax strategies that you can implement to save on taxes exist, a few of them are more valuable than others. Here, we discuss four of the top tips for saving money on real estate taxes.

1. The 1031 Exchange

A 1031 exchange is a way for real estate investors to defer capital gains taxes when selling an investment property by reinvesting their profits in a replacement property. This is also called a like-kind exchange. It is essentially a swap of one investment property for another. “Like-kind” refers to the fact that the properties in the exchange must be similar, and the exchange property must be of equal or greater value than the property sold. Because it is rare for an even property swap to occur between parties, the most common type of exchange is the delayed “forward” exchange. In this case, the sold property funds are sent to a qualified intermediary. The intermediary holds the transaction funds from the sale of the first property until they are transferred to the seller of a replacement property.

2. The Business Tax Deduction

The expenses that you incur from owning a property are deductions that can be advantageous for part- and full-time real estate investors. Qualifying expenses include mortgage interest, insurance, fuel used for travel to and from the property, phone, internet, home office, etc. If some expenses are shared for business and personal use (such as your phone or internet), be sure to divide the expenses accordingly and only deduct what is used for your business.

Also, note that the allowable expense deductions must be ordinary (common in your field) and necessary (aid you in conducting business).

3. Long-Term Capital Gains

When selling a property for profit, a capital gains tax can be assessed. If you sell a property in the short term (within one year of purchasing it), the profit you make from the sale is considered income. This can put you into a higher tax bracket and increase taxes that you owe significantly (the short-term capital gains tax can be as high as 35 percent!). However, you can avoid a large tax bill due to selling an investment property if you can hold onto the property until after the first anniversary of purchasing it. That’s because the long-term capital gains tax rate is lower than the rate on income tax that applies for short-term gains (the long-term capital gains tax usually tops out at 15 percent, depending on tax filing status and income).

4. Depreciation Losses

Depreciation, the gradual loss of an asset’s value, allows you to take a tax break for property wear and tear over time. By deducting depreciation of real estate investments on your taxes as an expense, you lower your taxable income. This could potentially lower your tax liability.

According to the IRS, the expected life of a parcel is 27.5 years for residential properties and 39 years for commercial properties. The depreciation deduction for the entire expected life of a parcel can be taken. For example, if you buy a house valued at $300,000 (value of the structure, not the land it sits on) as an investment property to rent, you divide that value by 27.5 years, which gives you $10,909. That is the amount you can deduct in depreciation each year on your taxes.

Be aware that if you ever sell the property, you will have to pay the standard income tax rate on the depreciation you claimed (Note: this is “depreciation recapture” and can be avoided with strategies like a 1031 exchange discussed in point 1.) You can also possibly depreciate improvements you make to investment properties like replacing the roof or similar significant upgrades.

Speak to your accountant about these money-saving strategies, as well as other potential ways to keep more profit in your pocket when conducting your real estate investment business.

Discover how our accounting services and tax strategies can benefit your real estate business. Call us now at 703-971-2422 or request a free consultation to find out what we can do for you.

Avoiding Capital Gains Taxes with a 1031 Exchange

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Savvy investors can build wealth by deferring capital gains taxes via a 1031 exchange. Learn how it works and how it can help you as a real estate investor. For the in-depth information required to execute a 1031 exchange, a qualified intermediary is necessary.

What is a 1031 Exchange?

A 1031 exchange allows real estate investors to avoid paying capital gains taxes when selling an investment property and reinvesting in a replacement property. The name 1031 exchange comes from Section 1031 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code.

A 1031 is also called a like-kind exchange. It is essentially a swap of one investment property for another. The “like-kind” refers to the fact that the properties in the exchange must be similar (i.e., of like kind) and the exchange property must be of equal or greater value as the property sold.

How Does a 1031 Exchange Work?

Under IRS code section 1031, which applies to real estate, investors can reinvest proceeds from the sale of one property into another property within a specified time frame to avoid paying capital gains taxes (the taxes on the growth of an investment when it is sold). Because it is rare for an even property swap to occur between parties, the most common type of exchange is the delayed “forward” exchange. In this case, the sold property funds are sent to a qualified intermediary and later used to acquire a replacement property from a seller.

What is a Qualified Intermediary?

A qualified intermediary facilitates a 1031 exchange. They hold the transaction funds from the sale of the first property until those funds are transferred to the seller of a replacement property. The qualified intermediary also prepares the legal documents required for the exchange. The qualified intermediary can have no formal relationship with the exchange parties outside of the exchange.

1031 Exchange Important Deadlines

  • The seller of the first property (the relinquished property) must identify a replacement property (their new investment property) within 45 days of the transfer of the relinquished property.
  • The replacement property must be received by the exchanger within either (1) 180 days of the date the exchanger transferred the first Relinquished Property or (2) the due date of the exchanger’s tax return for the year that the transfer of the first relinquished property occurs.
  • These are strict timelines and are not extended even if the 45th or 180th days fall on a weekend or holiday.

What You Need to Know about a 1031 Exchange

1031 exchange transactions should be handled by a professional qualified intermediary that is a third party (i.e., not a family member, friend, acquaintance, or business associate of either party involved in the exchange).

Exceptions

The IRS does not allow capital gains tax avoidance if the exchange:

  • is U.S. real estate for real estate in another country
  • involves property for personal use
  • is between related parties and either disposes of the property within two years

Why Do Investors Use a 1031 Exchange?

  • They can use what they would have paid in capital gains taxes to put more down on a replacement property to improve their buying power.
  • The savings on federal capital gains taxes could be 15 to 20 percent.
  • There could be savings at the state level (this varies by state, so your qualified intermediary should be consulted for this information).
  • The amount of income taxes paid could be reduced due to depreciation of the investment property.

A 1031 exchange is a tool that savvy real estate investors use to build wealth over time. To further understand how a 1031 exchange can benefit you, ask your CPA or accountant to help put you in touch with a qualified intermediary. Their guidance is critical in executing a 1031 whether you’re swapping two properties or working with a full portfolio of investment real estate properties.

 

Understanding Installment Sales

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Businessperson Calculating Property TaxThe majority of sales and purchases of property are usually settled by the buyer paying the seller an agreed on lump sum up front. However, there are circumstances when it makes sense to structure the sale of property so that payments will be received in installments over a number of years. What are those circumstances and what are the tax consequences of such transactions?

When an Installment Sale Makes Sense

An installment sale can be helpful if a potential buyer of your property lacks sufficient cash to pay the full purchase price in a lump sum. The interested party suggests an installment sale in which he or she makes a partial payment now and pays the balance over several years, with interest.

An installment sale may be something to consider if you want to sell a business or a rental property but there has been limited interest from prospective buyers. It can also be an attractive option for tax planning purposes. With an installment sale, you spread out the capital gain (and the tax liability) on the sale over the years you receive payments rather than reporting the income in a single year. By spreading out the income, an installment sale may help keep your income within a desired tax bracket and reduce your potential exposure to alternative minimum tax, net investment income tax, and tax on any Social Security retirement benefits you are receiving.

The Tax Rules

The rules on installment sales are complex and can trap the unwary. Since you receive payments over more than one tax year, you can defer a portion of any taxable gains realized on the sale. Your total gain on an installment sale is generally the amount by which the selling price of the property you sold exceeds your adjusted basis in that property. The selling price includes the money and the fair market value of any property you received for the sale of the property, any of your selling expenses paid by the buyer, and any existing debt on the property that the buyer assumed or paid.

When you report the sale on your tax return, you include in income each year only the part of the gain you receive or are considered to have received. You do not include in income the part of the payment that is a return of your basis in the property. You have to report interest on an installment sale as ordinary income. Essentially, an installment sale allows you to pay your taxes over time as you collect from the buyer.

What’s Not Allowable

The installment sales method is not available for sales of publicly traded securities and certain other sales. You have the option of electing out of installment sale treatment and reporting your entire gain in the year of sale. Electing out may be advantageous under certain circumstances: for example, if you have a large capital loss that can offset your entire capital gain in the year of the sale.

Before entering into an installment sale, we recommend that you consult with a tax professional.

Discover how our accounting services and tax strategies can benefit your real estate business. Call us now at 703-971-2422 or request a free consultation to find out what we can do for you.

The Top 3 Reasons to Outsource Your Accounting

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Group of people having meeting and disscusingWhile you may think it’s better to take care of your small business accounting tasks in-house, you may be surprised to know that your business can benefit from having a professional accountant or CPA handle the job for you. Here are the top three reasons to outsource your accounting.

1. Peace of Mind

The number one reason for outsourcing your accounting is the peace of mind you will get regarding managing your accounting records. A qualified accountant or CPA on your team allows you to gain access to their professional knowledge and experience. Further, you can even choose an accountant that specializes in your unique business needs. A professional can help you keep your business records accurate and up-to-date. For example, payroll and tax documents will be maintained appropriately and submitted promptly. Timely and accurate accounting reduces your risk of penalties resulting from inaccurate record-keeping or lack of knowledge regarding aspects of accounting like tax laws and deadlines.

2. Focus on Business Development

When you enlist the services of a qualified accountant or CPA to manage your small business accounting needs, you minimize the time that you or your senior staff must spend performing or micromanaging those tasks. Freeing up your time in those areas enhances your ability to maintain a keen focus on the day-to-day tasks your business faces and any additional business needs that arise. Being able to focus your time on managing and growing your business, you improve operational efficiency. As you develop strategic goals, you can convey those to your outsourced accountant to garner their professional guidance and support when executing and realizing those goals.

3. Save Money

Many small business owners feel that handling accounting tasks in-house is more cost-effective because they can utilize existing staff. However, consider the total cost involved in hiring or training a staff member to manage your business’s accounting needs. There is also the associated time expenditure related to supervising an employee who manages the accounting. For a dedicated in-house staff member to handle the task, you must consider the additional costs of payroll, payroll taxes, and employee benefits. There is also employee turnover to consider, which, if high, could lead to additional training and expenses. By not electing to have a full-time dedicated employee handle accounting in-house, you also save on space and technology required to accommodate that individual.

For these reasons – and more such as getting timely financial advice, understanding cash flow, and maximizing your tax savings opportunities – it’s time to outsource your business’s accounting needs. What you gain far outweighs the cost.

Contact our firm to find out how we can create a package of accounting services for your small business.

Call us today at 703-971-2422 or request a free consultation and let us explain how we can create a package of accounting and bookkeeping services around the needs of your business. Serving both Fairfax and Leesburg areas.

Tax Credit Opportunities

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Handsome young businessman workingTax deductions aren’t the only things to consider when looking for ways to reduce your tax bill. There are a number of tax credits that you may be able to claim. A tax credit reduces your tax liability dollar for dollar (and, in some instances, may be fully or partially “refundable” to the extent of any excess credit).

Child-Related Credits

In 2021, parents of children under age 18 may claim a child tax credit of up to $3,000 per qualified child ($3,600 for a child under six years old). The child tax credit is phased out for higher income taxpayers. A different credit of up to $14,440 (for 2021) is available for the payment of qualified adoption expenses, such as adoption fees, attorney fees, and court costs. The credit is phased out at certain income levels, and there are certain restrictions as to the tax year in which the credit is available. Look into claiming the child and dependent care credit if you pay for the care of a child under age 13 while you work. It’s available for a percentage of up to $8,000 of qualifying expenses ($16,000 for two or more dependents) in 2021. This credit isn’t confined to child care expenses — it may also be applicable for the care of a disabled spouse or another adult dependent.

Higher Education Credits

The American Opportunity credit can be as much as $2,500 annually (per student) for the payment of tuition and related expenses for the first four years of college. A different credit — known as the Lifetime Learning credit — is available for undergraduate or graduate tuition and for job training courses (maximum credit of $2,000 per tax return). You’re not allowed to claim both credits for the same student’s expenses, and both credits are subject to income-based phaseouts and other requirements.

Sometimes Overlooked

One credit that taxpayers sometimes miss is the credit for excess Social Security tax withheld. If you work for two or more employers and your combined wages total more than the Social Security taxable wage base ($142,800 in 2021), too much Social Security tax will be withheld from your pay. You can claim the excess as a credit against your income tax. The alternative minimum tax (AMT) credit is another credit that’s easy to overlook. If you paid the AMT last year, you may be able to take a credit for at least some of the AMT you paid. The credit is available only for AMT paid with respect to certain “deferral preference” items, such as the adjustment required when incentive stock options are exercised.

Your tax professional can provide more details regarding these and other tax credits that may be available to you.

From small businesses to individuals, our Fairfax, VA CPA firm applies the same level of dedication to every client, with sound tax strategies and unsurpassed attention to detail. Call our office now at 703-971-2422 to discover how we can decrease your tax obligations. We welcome new clients and offer a free consultation so contact us today.